Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature selection is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature selection is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.

This article begins with different definitions of geopolitics and formation of new categories of geopolitics and its developments. It tends to focus on Heartland as an idea-based geopolitics, and give a through definition of it.Considering the location and position of Middle East in the period of the second half of the 20th century, this article discusses the displacement and local tendency of Heartland towards Middle East. To do so, the manifestation of political, economical, and military considerations in some organizations, unions and focused or finished treaties on Middle East will be stated.Heartland tendency towards the Southeast direction through finding new geopolitical position in East and Southeast of Asia, settings and parameters for achieving this position, which happens with the turn of century, are the other issues this article intends to investigate. Finally, the role of Oceania as the natural tail of Southeast Asia, placement of Oceania and Southeast Asia in the same region known as Pacific are dealt with, moreover, this region is considered as the 20th century Heartland.

Undoubtedly the Syrian crisis is one of the most important current issues in the international system. This has paved the way for the presence of regional and trans-regional powers in the territory of this country. One of these powers, Russia, has intervened in this crisis in the interest of the Syrian government. Russia‟ s support in terms of political, economic and militaryintelligence was carried out. Of course, the most important aspect of Russia's intervention in the Syrian crisis is direct military involvement in the crisis in the late summer of 2015. Under the influence of Russia's help and assistance, the positions of the Syrian army and its regional allies were strengthened and they were able to regain the control of a significant portion of the areas occupied by oppositions and extremists. In any case, Russia's actions in the Syrian crisis are of a special and unique nature. The question arisen here is “ why Russia has intervened in the Syrian crisis, while it has not intervened in any of the Middle East crises so far? ” The hypothesis is that “ Geopolitical obligations have led Russia to intervene in the interests of the government in the Syrian crisis. ” The research was conducted in an exploratory and empirical way, and is thus loyal to the positivist tradition. ...

Regimes are a well-known theory in political studies and international relations that is widely used in the analysis of transnational and global phenomena. Although the concept of "power" plays a key role in the process of forming the concept of regimes, so far the scientific literature of the geopolitical field to study these phenomena has not been used, unfortunately. Accordingly, the geopolitical explanation of the concept and role of "regimes" in geopolitical structures and the introduction of this concept analysis in the field of geopolitics is the subject of this article. The main question is how to explain the structure and function of the concept of regimes with a geopolitical approach? In response to this question, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, the hypothesis of the article is that “regime is a complex structure of objective and subjective agents that directly or indirectly is responsible for the political organization of the geopolitical structure. It controls the function of the structure and generates power by the spatial distribution of power among the components of this structure. In fact, regimes are the regulators of the functioning of geopolitical structures and system governance”. Findings show that mental regimes are the subject of social studies, political studies, and international relations, and in particular, are not the subject of discussion in the field of geopolitics, but they are the subject of our discussion in the field of geopolitics when they are objectified in the form of institutions and organizations and affect geographical environments.

The national sovereignty is one of the words that can not be presented as a unit definition. Most of researchers approved that it is an ambiguous and subjective concept. This is a fact that today’s sovereignty finds increasingly main importance in geopolitical arguments. In this way, it can be said that territory is spatial extract of government that defines the realm of the sovereignty with spatial extent. Therefore, states can apply the low and order of the government by sovereignty. Although, the character of sovereignty is its continuity and permanence but, it seems that this concept changes in the different periods of time. In the present article, with this question of: what are the effective factors in the geopolitical changes of sovereignty? the basic relations between sovereignty and political boundaries, democracy and globalization process will be analyzed.

After founding of a new Iraq in the post-World War I age, geopolitical crises have been the main indicator of political dynamics in the country, which has been featured in the Kurdish anti-geopolitical process over the past decades. In this regard, the aim of this research is answering this fundamental question that, what are the roots of geopolitical crises in Iraq and in particular, anti-geopolitical Kurds, and what factors have contributed to the continuation of this crisis? The findings of this study show that the geopolitics imposed by the great winners of the World War I, especially Britain, in shaping the post-World War I regional order, led to the formation and continuation of the geopolitical crisis in Iraq, and in particular the Kurdish anti-geopolitical resistance. On the other hand, the humanitarian intervention of the Security Council, and in particular the issuance of Security Council resolution 688, and ultimately the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, have led to the opening of the geopolitical blockade and the strengthening of the anti-geopolitical Kurdish resistance in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection is library and internet resources.